第一种用途是:在清单项目中,可以使用分号来取代逗号。在这样的情况下,使用分号更胜于使用逗号,我们可以藉由使用分号来涵盖复杂的元素,也不必担心文意表达不清。
第二种用途:使用分号来取代两个完整句子之间的句号。在这样的情况下,分号不单单是作为句号使用,还可以透过分号来表达两个独立句子主题之间的密切关系。
1.清单项目中的分号
当我们需要将句子中复杂或具有内部标点符号的清单项目分开时,分号的效果远比逗号来得好。
例如:
The research on scholars’academic writing for international publication confronts three main issues:the difficulty of finding suitable samples of academic writing at a similar English level across domains;the tension between coauthors,given that there knowledge of English may differ widely;and the tendency of researchers to value harmonious working conditions over correcting each others English errors and the possible conflict that might create.
与在清单项目之间使用逗号的版本相比:
The research on scholars’academic writing for international publication confronts the difficulty of finding suitable samples of academic writing at a similar English level across domains,the tension between coauthors,given that there knowledge of English may differ widely;and the tendency of researchers to value harmonious working conditions over correcting each others English errors and the possible conflict that might create.
在第二个例子当中,在「given」这个字前面的逗号会使人产生混淆。然而,如果我们使用分号,将可以避免语意模糊不清。我将在未来的电子报中讨论清单项目的使用。清单项目被广泛地使用在学术Paper写作上,藉由正确的使用标点符号,即可确保清单能清楚的呈现。
2.句子之间的分号当我们需要划分两个独立的句子,且同时需要保留两者主题间密切的联系时,此时则适合使用分号。
例如:
Rejection of journal editors for poor English can only be avoided by revising the document carefully first,to ensure that English errors have been removed;this process of revising requires that the author or proofreader understands how to use grammatical conventions accurately in academic writing.
与在单一句子中表达双重想法的版本相比:
Rejection of journal editors for poor English can only be avoided by revising the document carefully first,to ensure that English errors have been removed,which means that this process of revising requires that the author or proofreader understands how to use grammatical conventions accurately in academic writing.
第二个例子的说明效果较差,因为「which」所指称的对象是模糊不清的。当然,您可以透过使用句号而非分号来解决这个问题。但是,这种复杂的意句关系,常出现于学术Paper写作当中,藉由分号来清楚表示两个句子之间的密切关系,是最佳的方法。
如同我们前面所看到的,分号可以进行文法上的划分,同时具有句子间主题的结合效果。分号让我们在断句的同时得以延续我们的想法,这就是为什么我们常看到分号与连接副词及转折语(例如:however、instead、nevertheless、specifically、equally important、for example、in fact、on the contrary)一起使用。
例如:
Ninety-five percent of students in recognize the importance of clear writing;howver,they often fail to apply this knowledge when writing their research papers.
我们可以通过句号将这些句子划分,但是,大多数人希望句子能更彼此靠近。这并不是说转折字词一定需要分号,而是分号经常正确地反应出,当我们使用这些字词时(,)所欲建构的关系。